Clear vision is a treasured sense: a gateway to our world and an informer of experiences. It sounds dramatic, but we rely on our vision for so much, and it’s easy to take it for granted. However, 2 common eye conditions, cataracts and glaucoma, can cloud our vision if left undetected and untreated. While they can affect your vision similarly, they’re very different diseases.

The main difference between the pair is that cataracts are the natural clouding of the eye’s lens, while glaucoma involves damage to the optic nerve, typically due to increased eye pressure. However, one thing they have in common is your optometrist can detect both with a comprehensive eye exam.

What Are Cataracts?

Cataracts are a leading cause of vision loss in Canada. They cause the eye’s lens to become cloudy, which then causes light to scatter across the retina and results in blurry vision. The primary culprit behind cataracts is protein buildup in the lens, which happens naturally as we age.

However, other factors can cause cataracts to develop early or with greater severity, including:

• Genetics
• Eye injury
• Diabetes 
• Obesity
• UV exposure
• Smoking
• Excessive alcohol consumption
• High blood pressure
• Glaucoma or retinal eye surgery
• Medications, such as steroids

Think of cataracts as a slow progression, gradually dimming your perception like an aging photograph.

Cataract Symptoms

The symptoms of cataracts may vary considerably, but common signs include:

• Blurred vision
• Sensitivity to light
• Seeing halos around lights
• Colours appearing faded

Cataract symptoms can progress, affecting night vision and leading to significant vision complications if left untreated.

Treatments for Cataracts

The good news about cataracts is they're treatable. Diagnosis typically begins with a comprehensive eye exam that may include dilating your pupils to allow your eye doctor to examine the lens for any signs of cataracts.

Optometrists can address early symptoms with prescription eyeglasses. Once cataracts start severely affecting your vision, you may require surgery to remove the cloudy lens and replace it with an artificial one.

What Is Glaucoma?

Glaucoma, on the other hand, isn’t a single condition but a group of eye diseases that damage the optic nerve, often due to elevated pressure in the eye. Glaucoma is challenging because it can sneak up on you without warning, silently eradicating your peripheral vision. Symptoms might not manifest until the disease has progressed and damage is done. 

There are several types of glaucoma, but the most common varieties include:

• Open-angle glaucoma: In open-angle glaucoma, the eye structures appear normal, but the fluid does not flow out properly, causing a pressure buildup. This makes up about 90% of all glaucoma cases.
• Angle-closure glaucoma: Angle-closure glaucoma occurs when the iris is very close to the drainage angle in the eye and can block fluids from draining.
• Secondary glaucoma: Secondary glaucoma results from injury, surgery, infection, or other eye abnormality.
• Normal-tension glaucoma: While glaucoma is usually caused by increased pressure inside the eye, normal-tension glaucoma occurs when eye pressure is still in the “normal” range.

Risk Factors for Glaucoma

Since glaucoma can be so stealthy, knowing the risk factors helps determine if you need to be on the lookout. Risk factors for glaucoma include:

• Age
• Family history
• Cardiovascular conditions
• Eye-related health conditions
• Injury or eye surgery

There's no turning back the clock on vision loss—so early detection is paramount. Regular check-ups with an optometrist can make all the difference.

Glaucoma Diagnosis & Management

Like cataracts, diagnosis involves a full eye exam focusing on the optic nerve. Tonometry is a common test, using a puff of air or a gentle probe to test your eye pressure. If diagnosed, your doctor can try to manage glaucoma's progression through medication, laser treatment, or, if necessary, traditional surgery.

The key for most treatments is keeping eye pressure stable to avoid optic nerve damage.

The Differences Between Cataracts & Glaucoma

Cataracts and glaucoma are both conditions that can slowly rob you of your sight, but they have different mechanics and, therefore, treatments.

Cataracts are a natural part of aging, like hair turning grey. Environment and genetic factors can affect when they first appear, but treatment with cataract surgery is very common.

Glaucoma is typically associated with increased eye pressure and usually means there’s something wrong with your eye. Once the damage is done, it can’t be reversed. This means that much of the focus for glaucoma is on preventing vision loss or preserving what vision remains.

Proactive Prevention & Early Detection in Cochrane

Though both serious, cataracts and glaucoma are markedly different in their nature and impact on our vision. Understanding where these conditions diverge is the first step in taking control of your eye health.

Routine eye check-ups can often be the difference between suffering from a vision-related issue and proactively addressing it before it’s too late. Our River Heights Eye Care team can detect issues early on with annual comprehensive eye exams, allowing you to adopt strategies to potentially slow them down. If you're experiencing any changes in your vision or are at a higher risk for these conditions due to your age or medical history, book your eye exam today. Your eyes are with you for the long haul, so look out for them as they guide you through life's wonders!

The post Cataracts vs Glaucoma: What Are the Differences? first appeared on River Heights Eye Care.

Vision is one of our most critical senses, and when it starts to deteriorate, it can significantly impact your daily life. Cataracts are one such eye condition that can blur your vision and affect your overall quality of life. 

Cataract surgery can help you regain your vision. However, as with any surgery, it comes with its share of risks and disadvantages, including infection, swelling, bleeding, visual disturbances, corneal edema, and in some rare cases, retinal detachment. 

Cataract surgery is a common and safe surgery that has helped millions of people improve their vision. However, surgery is an individual decision, and you can discuss whether it’s right for you with your eye doctor.

Risks of Cataract Surgery

Cataract surgery is a common and low-risk procedure that has transformed the lives of millions by restoring clear vision. However, like any surgical intervention, it is not without its risks.

Infection Risk

Cataract surgery involves making an incision in the eye, which poses a risk of infection. While surgeons take great care to maintain a sterile environment, there is always a slight possibility of postoperative infection.

Swelling & Discomfort

After surgery, some patients may experience temporary discomfort or swelling. These are common side effects but can be bothersome for some.

Visual Disturbances

While the goal of cataract surgery is to improve vision, some patients may experience visual disturbances after surgery, such as glare or halos around lights. These symptoms are usually temporary but can affect daily activities during the initial recovery period.

Posterior Capsule Opacification (PCO)

PCO occurs when the lens capsule becomes cloudy after cataract surgery, leading to a gradual decline in vision. Although a laser procedure called YAG capsulotomy can easily address PCO, it is an additional intervention that some people may find inconvenient.

Retinal Detachment

While rare, retinal detachment is a serious complication that can occur after cataract surgery. It is essential for patients to be aware of the symptoms, such as sudden flashes of light or floaters, and seek prompt medical attention if they occur.

Intraocular Lens Complications

During cataract surgery, your natural lens is replaced with an artificial intraocular lens (IOL). The IOL comes with its own risks, such as incorrect power calculation, dislocation, or issues with the positioning of the lens.

Bleeding

Though uncommon, bleeding within the eye can occur during or after surgery, leading to potential vision issues.

Corneal Edema

Swelling of the cornea is a possible complication of cataract surgery that can affect your vision. It typically resolves with time, but you may experience blurred vision during the healing process.

The Pros & Cons of Cataract Surgery

Pros:

• Improved vision: Cataract surgery can significantly improve your vision, allowing you to see things more clearly.
• Enhanced quality of life: By restoring your vision, cataract surgery can help you regain independence and enjoy daily activities.
• Quick and safe procedure: Thanks to technological advances, cataract surgery is relatively quick and safe.
• Minimal discomfort: Most people experience minimal discomfort during and after the surgery, making the recovery process relatively smooth.

Cons:

• Potential risks: Like any surgical procedure, cataract surgery carries some risks, such as infection, bleeding, or retina detachment. However, these risks are relatively rare.
• Cost: Although Alberta Health covers certain expenses, there may be additional costs for premium lens implants, eye drops, and new glasses.
• Recovery time: While the surgery is quick, recovery may take some time. You'll need to follow postoperative instructions, take it easy for a few weeks, and see your optometrist for follow-up appointments.

Healing Process 

Healing after cataract surgery can vary from patient to patient. Some people might experience a speedy recovery, while others might face temporary blurry vision. Following postoperative care instructions, such as using prescribed eye drops and attending follow-up appointments, is crucial. 

Discomfort and itching in the eyes are common after surgery, and you may need a protective shield to prevent rubbing your eyes. Your vision should stabilize within a few weeks after surgery.

Here are some tips for recovering after cataract surgery recovery:

• Restrict physical activity and heavy lifting
• Avoid rubbing your eyes 
• Wear sunglasses in bright settings 
• Wash your eyes carefully and avoid putting soap or water into them
• Avoid cosmetics and lotions around the eyes for at least a week 
• Avoid irritants such as chemicals and dust

Clarity Beyond Cataracts: Navigating the Path to Vision Renewal

Cataract surgery is a standard and safe procedure. However, it’s essential to know the disadvantages and risks involved and weigh them against the benefits. We recommend discussing your options with your eye doctor at River Heights Eye Care to help you decide. Any surgical risks should be taken seriously. However, cataract surgery is an exceptional option to help restore your vision. Book a consultation today and determine if cataract surgery is right for you.

The post What Are the Disadvantages of Cataract Surgery? first appeared on River Heights Eye Care.